A Review of Essay Topics Related to Science and Technology

A Review of Essay Topics Related to Science and Technology The world wide web has a larger impact on people's lives since it is more popular than television. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. It is preferable to search online because it will save yourself a plenty of time. Over the last ten years, technology became a vital part of several teenagers' lives. Life, Death, and Essay Topics Related to Science and Technology Technology has gradually come to be part of our everyday life. It is changing the world we live in and it should be shown in the essay. It has been classified into different categories with each of them having its own unique purpose. It is the use of scientific knowledge to produce new machinery and devices that can be used to provide different services or can be employed further to create more devices. The range of issues that would immediately show up in the sphere of security, medicine, insurance, ecology, company and labour is not possible to measure. As a result, while writing, you will discover the advantages and downfalls of technology. In present days it is extremely necessary for all of us to step forward with the rapid evolution of science and technology. Development of the science and technology rides on the analysis and suitable comprehension of facts. On one hand, it's essential for the contemporary life where other countries are continuously developing in the area of science and technology. For the appropriate rise and maturation of the nation, it's very required to go science and technology hand in hand. In the world today, a nation's development completely depends upon science and technology. Development, while it is human development or country development, is linked to the appropriate rise and maturation of the technology in a variety of ways. Introduction of scientific researches, suggestions and techniques to the discipline of education has brought a big degree of positive shift in the new generation and provided them variety of new and advanced opportunities to work in the area of their own interest. Modern-day culture and civilization is now dependent over the science and technologies since they have become integral portion of life in line with the need and requirement of the folks. Technological advancements also have resulted in the increase and evolution of the nations as a whole. Write about the wellness issues American population face today and attempt to persuade the reader free medicine is the ideal way out. On the flip side, the access to new communication technologies may also have the consequence of isolating people and discouraging real interaction. The usage of technology has also reduced physical pursuits which again has given rise to several health troubles. Even though it has grown to be a major as pect of society in our daily activities, teenagers have to be aware of the consequences if it is excessively used. The True Meaning of Essay Topics Related to Science and Technology Essay writing has ever been a component of the majority of university and college curriculum. Social science essays provide you with an opportunity to present your opinion and speak up. Students that need over a list of good topics may hire professional academic writers online to acquire the maximum grade with no distinctive efforts. The fantastic thing about science is there are so many topics you're able to write about regardless of which course you're taking. Firstly, it is going to be of an excellent benefit, if you read a good deal of technology essays on the chosen topic and produce your own ideas on the issue. If you wish to compose a really persuasive essay on technology, be confident in your standpoint. You may discover yourself fascinated with the difficulties. Among the most prevalent issues in our world today is the matter of deforestation. At exactly the same time, it's an amazing persuasive essay idea. To the contrary, it can likewise be quite interesting to work on only when you have good topic in your hands since it is thought of as the backbone of an evaluative essay. Essay ought to be written in the words an ordinary person will understand. This kind of essay has a wide assortment of topics. What you aspire to teach your reader will decide the form of your essay. Otherwise, a friend who's knowledgeable about science topics might be great resource, too. With all these alternatives to explore, it can be very overwhelming to choose 1 topic for your paper particularly if your instructor has given you an open-ended sort of assignment. A student should realize that the topic isn't self-explanatory. Argue that public higher education has to be free for everybody. Its main goal is to generate engaging and efficient learning experiences. Technological advancement in today's life has provided us lots of remarkable insights throughout the world. Science and technology has altered the lives of people to a large extent.

The Film Kiss Me Kate versus The Taming of the Shrew by...

The Film Kiss Me Kate versus The Taming of the Shrew by Shakespeare There have been many Shakespearean plays that have been made into movies throughout the years. One that may not be so easy to come across is â€Å"Kiss Me Kate†. This movie stars Kathryn Gayson ,as Lilli Vanessi, and Howard Keel, as Fred Graham. This is a adaptation of Shakespeare’s â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew.† The movie contains a story with in a story. The movie is about a man, named Fred Graham, who makes a recreation of the famous play. Many of the characters portray real life people who are some what identical to those in the play. The movie illustrates Shakespeare’s characters as he intended them to be and gives the viewer a good idea of what†¦show more content†¦He begins throwing food around, yelling, and hitting the servants. He then states that he is going to keep her up all night and complain about many other things so that she will not be content (Act IV, Scene I). The whole act was planned to begin the process of â€Å"taming† Katherina. At the end of both the movie and the play, Katherina gives a very long speech that lets the audience know that she has now seen the errors of her ways. The play, on the other hand, gives a little more insight as to why the story ended this way. The two characters who play Bianca and Lucentio are also dating during the making of the play. Lois, who plays Bianca, is a very flirtatious woman who always seems to get more than her share of attention form men. Bianca is also a character who receives similar attention from men. These two roles fit hand and hand. Bill Calhoun plays Licentious, who eventually weds Bianca. Bill is dating Lois throughout the performance of the play. He, like Lucentio, feels insecure and worrisome about the way his relationship with the woman that he is in love with. When her and Lucentio get married in the movie, it appears to be directly f ollowing the wedding of her sister. In the play they are married in ACTIV and Katherina was married in ACTIII SCENE II. There is a lot of detail in between, that the movie does not show. For instance, the play talks about a man named Vicentio. This is the father of Lucentio. Tremio, Lucentio’s

Innovating Strategically In Knowledge Management Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the Evolution of knowledge Management and the various technologies that Enable and Facilitate the Creation, Storage and Dissemination of Organisational Knowledge. Answer: Introduction Globalization and technological advancements have induced immense dynamism and changes in the field of Information Systems as well as Knowledge Management Systems(Okyere-Kwakye, 2011). Though the scope of KMS as well as IS extensively contributes to the field of enhanced management and system effectiveness, yet its development is primarily focuses on research and development done on the area by relevant academic institution. In order to become a leading school amongst European institutions it has been obtained that top level management and leaders enforce research in the area of five domains as economics, marketing, finance, law, accounting and auditing as well as organizational behavior (OB). Though all these fields are interrelated to the scope of KMS/Is but the scope of this study pertains to analyzing the contribution of OB in the field of advancement for IS/KMS(Yang, 2007). Thus, for attaining aims of the study there is a pertinent literature source that has made significant con tribution and has been taken into account for the purpose of this study. Further a critical review regarding the research questions and detailed analysis helps reveal further insights into the topic. Literature Review Development of specific literature reviews and identification of sources that can cater to attaining aims for the study are crucial part for any study. For the purpose of analyzing the specific domain in regards to innovation and development in KMS there is a specific journal that has been selected. Innovating strategically in information and knowledge management: Applications of organizational behavior theory in the International Journal of Information Management by Tor J. Larsen and Olasisen (2013) (Larsen, 2013). The scope of this journal evaluates relationship and the domain of OB in a detailed and scientific manner by analyzing certain research questions that can cater to aims of the research. Academic institutions priorities and target fields that successfully can generate a steady source of revenue for conducting various other pertinent research works. The aim of every institution is focuses on attracting market attention through delivery of its academic entrepreneurial research endeavors. As IS/KMS makes significant contribution in the field and domain of research and organizational effectiveness, it becomes crucial that faculties from information as well as knowledge management systems question their field of research to the Department of Organizational Behavior. IS/KMS continues to attract nearly 28% of investments from US business sectors that reflects the need for accommodating and including relevant research in the domain of IS/KMS and changing the ongoing educational practices. IS/KMS has been found to support in creating value for the business as well as accommodating for organizations changes in capabilities(Ruggles, 2009). KMS has been found to be intensely rel ated to creating, acquiring, implementing and in using of value infrastructure for sustainability within organizations. Till date all research in the field of KMS has been related to all inter-disciplinary topics such that its impacts can easily be assessed, hence OB can have significant contributions to make to the field of KMS. Thus, in the particular research the key research questions that are being catered to are ways to discover means which business schools adopt for selecting academic fields. Secondly to understand the strategic importance of OB theories to making an impact. Then developing an interrelation between OB and KMS/IS to understand their purview as well as scope in various theories, concepts and so on. In order to conduct research pertaining to the specific field, the literature journal had made use of textbooks in OB along with academic articles in EBSCO EconLit database of Lancaster University, data from top European and US business schools and so on. Further the data obtained from these various sources was analyzed using various themes of OB theories. The several theme ascertained form the research questions as well as textbooks and journals were in regards to theories that have been used in the field of research in the recent 5 years. Analysis from various data sources reveal theories used are social capital theory, Theory of bounded objects and knowledge sharing and Adaptive structuration theory. The second theme evaluates the theories that have not been used but should have been accommodated are large negative in nature. All possible theories and concepts have been utilized for processing of the concepts and theories. The next theme reveals the various familiar theories of OB and its description. ANT and theories pertaining to leadership, communications, organizational designs, motivations, personal issues, productivity, politics and strategy has been taken into consideration to understand its relation to KMS. The role of OB in IS/KMS research reflects that there are no significant connections. As benefits from KMS/IS can be evaluated by its roles in OB but its research significance cannot be directly established. Review of KMS Organizations are handling their complex data and information by the use of Knowledge Management systems(Ratcliffe, 2008). KMS are infrastructure that provides organizations with capabilities to filter their complex information as well as make use of relevant and crucial information for making as well as development of strategy. The field of IS/KMS is vast as it makes unique usage of various information that are fitted into organizational systems and then reviews them not only develop strategies but also cater to their customer needs and gain competitive advantages(Xu, 2008). Such processing of complex information is done by review of system stored information as well as information obtained from the market. It functions more like a decision systems with various other functionalities that have capabilities to process knowledge. Hence, the purview of KMS/IS is huge as organizations globalize and they cater to larger and more competitive market scenarios. Organizations have to process multifarious information for enhancing their scope of operation and not only KMS does it but it is also humanly impossible to do such things(Torres, 2007). There is limitedness in various ways and means that humans can process such information and provide them to top and senior level managers, it is highly possible that they miss out on relevant and useful information that can be used effectively in competitive markets. There rises the immense scope and relevance for IS/KMS, though the definition and scope of its advantages are not limited in nature(Paquette, 2011). OB relates to vast organizational framework and concepts that are used in enhancing and developing knowledge related to physical as well as tactical infrastructure, hence development in the fields of OB might not extend innovation in IS/KMS which are so crucial in todays organizations. Thus, from such analysis there are various useful discussions that has been obtained that can be used to ref lect on the purview of the topic. Though Ob can be used extensively in KMs/IS to relate to its application such theories cannot be directly be used in the domain KMS/IS to yield any innovative or developmental research work. Thus, organizations especially academic institutions need to undertake the purview of the domain of KMS and take innovation related to the domain by catering adequate funds to it. Critical Analysis The literature review and scope of KMS provides immense knowledge and inputs pertaining to the relevant application and derivation in the field(O'Neill, 2007). The field of OB is vast and immense and includes various concepts as well as theories pertaining to organization. The scope of the literature review provided highlights relevant discussions pertaining to findings in OB that relates to organizational structure, networks, leadership, management and so on. Thus, the field of OB is broad that encompasses various organizational wide phenomenon within settings but there were no concepts that defined its scope to be strategic in nature. OB is a term used in economics and is an inter-disciplinary domain and cannot be compared as against other academic disciplines. While searching for research in the fields of OB it has been obtained that EBSCOs EconLit database does not include OB as an active element of research(Runar Edvardsson, 2008). Hence, the domain has not been involved in eith er research problems, nor in research models, neither while discussions, development, background analysis or in conclusion. OB is rather treated as an umbrella encompassing various multiple domains that are used as a merely an element for future research in organizational settings. Deriving from the findings of the study it has been established that OB is completely separate than the field of IS/KMS. OB also cannot have any sort of strategic role in catering to a relevant material to contribute in the research and innovation of KMS/IS. Academic institutions success is highly and greatly dependent on its capabilities to nurture and develop the spirits of academic entrepreneurship hence, they identify and recognize various domains that can contribute positively in such endeavors(Uddin, 2010). Implications and deriving from the literature source reveals that though there might be certain theoretical perspective in the domain and area of IS, there are very few private as well as public organizations the actually invest in the field of KMS/IS. the purview of innovation and development in IS/KMS involves a risky undertaking that involves uncertain outcomes hence research in this particular domain has to be built in regards to research thinkings and be based on empiri cal reports. A major reflection gained from progress of such reports indicate that there is relatively less success experienced in innovation as regards to competence and in-depth understanding that exists in such innovations. There has to be a model developed that can cater to the macro needs in the subject area and brings institutions in IS research that helps build knowledge. But within the framework of OB there are no theories or knowledge or concepts that can help develop concepts in the field of IS/KMS(Pee, 2009). Thus, a critical analysis of several findings and analysis in the domain of OB reflects that it cannot be linked to innovation as well as development to IS/KMS hence narrowing the scope for its research further. Conclusion The growth, development and survival of the field of KMS.IS might have greater dependence in relation to its increased scope. As results from findings and analysis reveals that OB is a vast domain and does not related to any specific topic or research areas and scientists as well as researchers use it for their convenience it can be said that OB might not strategically impact growth and development of IS/KMS. Educational institutions develop and obtain scope of research by catering to their internationalization and strategic formulation in the scope of research. Their field of research though has a responsibility to cater to public, social, professional and private development, they relatively caters to them. further as the definition involving the area of OB is so vast it becomes pertinent to evaluate its resource allocation as well as the scope of tis discussions. The findings reveal that there is a negative correlation between the results for OB and that of IS/KMS. Thus, organizat ion has to meet their challenges in regards to increased portfolios in IS/KMS and develop the scopes for such innovation themselves rather than developing a dependency. As organizations are on one end of facing high risks in regards to changes and innovations in the field of IS/KMS they need to adopt a macro model that serves their purpose. Reference Lists Larsen, T. J. 2013. Innovating strategically in information and knowledge management: Applications of organizational behavior theory. . International Journal of Information Management, 764-774. Okyere-Kwakye, E. a. 2011. Individual factors and knowledge sharing. . American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 3(1), 66. O'Neill, B. a. 2007. Knowledge sharing and the psychological contract: Managing knowledge workers across different stages of employment. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 411-436. Paquette, S. 2011. Customer Knowledge Management. Pee, L. G. 2009. A model of organisational knowledge management maturity based on people, process, and technology. . Journal of Information Knowledge Management, 79-99. Ratcliffe, J. 2008. Knowledge management challenges in the development of intelligence-led policing. The Handbook of Knowledge-Based Policing: Current Conceptions and Future Directions. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 205-220. Ruggles, R. 2009. Knowledge management tools. . Routledge. Runar Edvardsson, I. 2008. HRM and knowledge management. Employee Relations, 553-561. Torres, J. M. 2007. Knowledge management system. U.S. Patent, 2,272,610. Uddin, M. N. 2010. Impact of Knowledge Management and Inter-organisational Systems on Supply Chain Performance: The Case of the Australian Agri-food Industry. . Curtin University of Technology. Xu, Q. a. 2008. Determinants of ERP implementation knowledge transfer. Information Management, 45(8), 528-539. Yang, J. 2007. Knowledge sharing: Investigating appropriate leadership roles and collaborative culture. . Tourism management, 28(2), 530-543

Saber Tooth free essay sample

The saber-tooth curriculum also has to change with the times . the main subject change is that of one having to learn and go to school in order to survive. Without education in the 21st century it will be very hard to survive. The first great educational theorist was a man that lived in the Chilean times. His full name was new fist hammer maker. New Fist was a man that improvised despite not having a lot in his environment to make anything complex. He created a pear-shaped shipped tool which archaeologist call the coup-de poing or fist hammer. New fist knew how to do things his community needed and used his techniques to do them. From this we can conclude he was a very educated man. He developed greater thinking ability. He pushed himself physically and mentally far beyond his fellows. New fist became dissatisfied with his tribes accustomed ways . he began thinking of ways to improve everyone’s lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Saber Tooth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He became a very dangerous man because of his thinking. New-Fist began the practice of education while watching his children play at the cave entrance with bones, sticks and brightly coloured pebbles. He noticed them playing without any purpose besides having fun. The children protected themselves from boredom and the adults protected themselves from danger’ if I could only get these children to give more and better food, shelter, clothing and security,’thought New-Fist. His thinking came from circumstances he wanted to improve his fellow tribesman lives to better living conditions and an abundance of food. Having set up an educational goal, New Fist began to construct a curriculum for teaching it. After much deliberation and thinking New Fist discovered the first subject of this curriculum which is fish grabbing with the bare hands. His second subject was woolly horse clubbing and his third subject was scaring sabre tooth with fire. Having developed his curriculum new fist took his children with him as he went about his activities . he gave them an opportunity to practice these activities’ and the children liked doing them to. They spent they time doing more useful activities rather than just playing with stones that had no benefit but joy. He’s education system proved to be a success. As new fists children grew older they had a greater advantage in good and safer living Over other children who did not use his style of learning. Some of the tribesman began copying what new fist done and practices of fish grabbing, horse bubbling became accepted as the true education. Many of the religious tribesman did not practice this way because of there religious beliefs. After some time and new fists curriculum began to get popular amongst the tribesman ,even conservatives had a change of heart and everybody in the community knew that good education lay in the three subjects of fishing, horse-clubbing and tiger scaring. Many other men followed these ways and New-fist grew old . the children were well practiced in the three fundamentals. So the tribe grew rich in meat, skins and security. A new ice age was approaching in the land of the tribesman . climate change would have a great a great impact on the environment around them . clear streams turned into murky waters . the technique of fish grabbing could no longer work no matter how skilled the fisherman were. The fish were unable to be seen in the murky waters . the ground began to get wetter due to the melting sheets of ice. That prompted the woolly horses east to the dry open planes far from the hunting range of the tribesman . the woolly horses were now replaced by the antelope. The antelope is very quick and had a great sense of danger so the tribesman could not get close enough to the antelope to club them. It didn’t matter how skilled the tribesman were with all their techniques they learnt they could not club because there weren’t any horses to club. To complete There disruption to life and education the dampness in the air gave the saber-tooth tigers pneumonia, a disease that killed most of the saber-tooth tiger’s population. the few that survived were weak and went south. So they were no tigers left to scare with fire . with the iced glaziers came bears that were not scared of fire. The tribesman used all their fire techniques to scare tigers on the bears and none of them worked. Insecurity crept in and the tribesman had no way to defend themselves. The tribesmen had no meat, clothes and were threatened by bears. all they education they learnt is now being accepted as a failure in the time of the ice age. The tribesman accepted they needed new methods and had to change with the climate. Hunger and insecurity brought upon a new education curriculum . nets were used to catch fish ,trees used as traps caught antelope and deep pits were dug which bears fell in. any learnt these techniques and soon became the accepted form of education. New fists subjects were changed into new subjects that would benefit the tribe in the ice age. New-fists saber-tooth curriculum has changed a lot in centuries gone by but the theory stays the same over time . education changed due to society and living conditions . education is now taught in schools and the curriculum was changed many times for our means of survival. You must know that there are some eternal verities and the saber tooth curriculum was one of them.

Health Care Inequalities Social Work Essay Essays

Health Care Inequalities Social Work Essay Essays Health Care Inequalities Social Work Essay Essay Health Care Inequalities Social Work Essay Essay Health inequalities are most pronounced between Autochthonal and non-Indigenous Australians Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2004. However this state of affairs is non the topic of treatment of this essay however such state of affairs has been discussed by and large. In 1946 the World Health Organization ( WHO ) of the United Nations ( UN ) defined wellness as a status of absolute mental, societal and physical well being and non merely the absence of disease or illness ( Donatelle, 2006 ) . This is a much wider position than the medical theoretical account of wellness, which places the accent on happening a remedy for physiological symptoms and frailties, instead than on covering with the entire environment, which may hold entirely or partially caused the physiological status. There are important wellness disparities across the assorted communities and parts of the State. Australians by and large bask a high criterion of life. However, whilst Australia ranks figure two to Japan in the universe in wellness quality ( life anticipation ) , it ranks merely figure 17 in wellness equality ( ABS, 2004 ) . These inequalities subsist on a assortment of steps ( including rates of unwellness, decease and hurt ; self-rated wellness and life anticipation ) every bit good as in issues known to impact wellness ( such as high blood force per unit area and smoke ; the usage of wellness and unwellness disincentive services ; and wellness cognition, attitudes and behaviors ) . While a series of issues has been established to be related with inequalities, the most of import and changeless contain degree of profession, instruction, service, income position and subdivision of abode, disablement, refugee background and Aboriginality. Ethnicity and gender are besides factors that may lend to and intensify wellness inequalities ( Donatelle, 2006 ) . Health inequalities are the consequence of the cumulative consequence of exposures over a life-time ( Baum, Palmer, Modra, Murray, A ; Bush, 2000 ) . However, childhood and adolescence are peculiarly important times because experience in early life influences subsequently behaviour and physical and mental wellness ( McMurray, 2007 ) . Therefore, wellness publicity attempts should relieve and non worsen wellness inequalities for kids besides. Apart from debut, this essay is divided chiefly into two subdivisions i.e. factors create wellness disparities and recommendation for its relief. 1. Factors that create wellness unfairnesss Health disparities have become progressively recognized as subscribers to increased diseases. There are many factors within society that act as barriers to accomplishing optimum wellness. Harmonizing to Donatelle ( 2006 ) , the major causes of wellness unfairnesss in Australia are: AÂ · Geographic locations AÂ · socio-economic factors AÂ · entree to services and conveyance AÂ · quality of early old ages of life AÂ · societal properties ( such as favoritism and societal exclusion ) Unfortunately, many Australians at the same time see a figure of these societal hazard factors that affect wellness. Most of these are beyond the control of the person, so it is inappropriate to blame the victim and to state that people should get a occupation , move house or get an instruction to better their fortunes ( Baum et al. , 2000 ) . As a society, Australia needs to see how the degrees of disadvantage experienced by many people today can be reduced so that everyone has the same chances to make optimum wellness. To make this efficaciously, we must recognize the underlying societal causes of the wellness unfairnesss that exist, and see wellness in its broadest sense. Action to accomplish equity in wellness demands to be underpinned by rules of societal justness. The impact of each of these factors will be discussed below. AÂ · Geographic locations Inequalities in wellness have been found between geographic countries ( ABS, 2004 ) . This is due both to people with similar wellness position life in the same countries and to local environments that do non back up good wellness ( e.g. because they lack accessible, inexpensive and healthy nutrient, safe streets or chances for meaningful societal engagement ) . Peoples populating in urban countries have entree to services such as clean H2O supply, alimentary nutrient and refuse disposal, nevertheless such services can non be guaranteed for people populating in some outer-urban, rural and distant locations. This greatly affects the wellness of people in those communities because without those services they become more susceptible to catching diseases. While entree to wellness attention is besides an issue in many rural centres because such centres have trouble of pulling physicians and other wellness staff to work at that place ( Baum et al. , 2000 ) . Many immature people of rural and distant countries leave their countries for seeking employment and educational chances elsewhere which leads to a decrease in the population and, as a consequence, many such services have been cut in these countries. Similarly environmental factors such as air and noise pollutions that vary from country to country ( like industrial country ) besides adversely affect wellness peculiarly of turning kids. AÂ · Socio-economic factors Health inequalities are explained mostly by unequal entree to material resources necessary for wellness, such as good lodging, sufficient income and healthy nutrient. Equally good as holding a direct impact on wellness, these may besides ensue in psychological and societal conditions which are wellness damaging ( Baum et al. , 2000 ) . For illustration, low income and unemployment can take to societal isolation and exclusion, both of which have been found to act upon wellness. In bend, these conditions can act upon whether people adopt healthy behaviors. For illustration, a perceptual experience that they are being treated below the belt may sabotage people s trust in others and in establishments, and therefore their capacity to organize the societal connexions understood to be of import for good mental wellness ( Grbich, 1999 ) . Low socioeconomic place causes hapless wellness ( instead than the contrary ) , hapless wellness can increase the likeliness of a individual going disadvantaged. This contributes to a rhythm of hapless wellness and disadvantage which may prevail across coevalss ( Grbich, 1999 ) . AÂ · Access to services and conveyance Equal entree to wellness attention and conveyance requires the proviso of services that are within the range of the population and run into the demands of the population. This can be achieved through the analysis of the features of the population in footings of: AÂ · age AÂ · disablement AÂ · gender AÂ · geographic location AÂ · cultural background AÂ · educational degree AÂ · socio-economic position Peoples will be more likely to entree services if they believe that those services are culturally appropriate, and employ wellness workers who are sensitive to their state of affairs ( McMurray, 2007 ) . It is besides of import that wellness services are available to people in footings of the distance they have to go, how long they have to wait for service, the physical entree to the edifice in which the service is located and the sum they have to pay for the service. Lack of transit installations may restrict the people s full engagement in community life which is associated with wellness impacts. AÂ · Quality of early old ages of life The constitution of grownup wellness is in advancement before birth and in early childhood. Slow advancement and hapless early experiences turn into biologically entrenched during development. They boost the lifetime danger of disadvantaged emotional wellness and lessening cognitive, physical and emotional public presentation into maturity. Poor accomplishments during gestation ( such as maternal smoke ; nutritionary lacks, intoxicant and drug usage ; and hapless antenatal attention ) can take to hapless fetal development, which is a hazard factor for hapless wellness later in life ( McMurray, 2007 ) . AÂ · Social properties Groups sing disadvantage or trouble may be unfastened to the elements to legion unsafe issues lending to wellness inequalities. These include societal exclusion ( discussed under socio-economic factors ) , racism and favoritism ( Grbich, 1999 ) . Each of these societal hazard factors, in isolation, can make unfairnesss in wellness position. The world is that many people in Australian society experience a figure of these factors. This exposure to multiple societal hazard factors can do some persons and/or groups within a population more vulnerable such autochthonal people, disables and adult females and kids ( Grbich, 1999 ) . Racism: Racism refers to the unequal intervention of people on the footing of their racial background. Australia has a history of racism, peculiarly with respect to the intervention of the Indigenous Australian population ( McMurray, 2007 ) . Racism can lend to wellness unfairnesss in a figure of ways: AÂ · Racist attitudes can restrict an single s entree to employment and educational chances. AÂ · Peoples who encounter wellness professionals who are insensitive to their demands and cultural beliefs about wellness attention will be less likely to seek preventive attention. AÂ · When persons are made to experience different and non accepted as portion of their community this can impact their feelings of dignity, possibly taking to depression. Health disparities are chiefly marked between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Aboriginal work forces and adult females have a life anticipation which is 17 old ages lower than the national norm ( ABS, 2004 ) . Discrimination: Discrimination can be based on a figure of factors. As celebrated earlier, persons can be discriminated against because of their racial background. Peoples can besides be discriminated against on the footing of: AÂ · Age AÂ · gender AÂ · matrimonial position AÂ · instruction degree AÂ · topographic point of abode AÂ · holding a disablement When an person is discriminated against it consequences in that individual non having the same chances as others. Peoples who experience favoritism might non, for illustration, derive entree to employment, instruction or wellness or other services. Those who are discriminated against can experience powerless, have a deficiency of control over their state of affairs, and develop a sense of hopelessness, which affects their mental wellness ( McMurray, 2007 ) . Entree to, and degree of, instruction Groups with the worst wellness position tend to hold the least instruction. Adequate instruction can supply people with the indispensable cognition, expertness and attitudes to take healthy lives ( Grbich, 1999 ) . Education besides contributes to employment chances, which can find the economic resources that a individual will hold ( Baum et al. , 2000 ) . However persons face many barriers in deriving entree to educational chances. These include: AÂ · cultural disaffection from the school system AÂ · deficient resources to take part to the full in the school s community AÂ · force per unit areas to go forth formal instruction early to gain money. In add-on, with the tendency towards increased fees, entree to third instruction is going more and more complicated for those with restricted economic resources. 2. Early childhood centres and decrease in wellness disparities The greatest index of wellness and health in a community is the extent to which it nurtures healthy kids, as they will go the wellness grownup citizens who make communities vibrant. Education, child care, parenting and other sectors that determine a kid s environmental characteristics all play a critical function in assisting develop a kid s capacity to get by with future. A kid s innate features besides seem to hold an consequence on resiliency ( McMurray, 2007 ) . Resilience is a construct that captures how some kids seem to hold the ability to make good in life, irrespective of the adversities imposed on them ( Armstrong, Birnie-Lefcovitch A ; Ungar, 2005 ; Stanley, Richardson A ; Prior, 2005 ) . A kid with a positive disposition will frequently demo resiliency and demonstrate continuity and emotional ordinance to accommodate to life ( Stanley et al. , 2005 ) . There has been a renewed acknowledgment, emerging from research grounds, that the experiences of early childhood can hold a profound womb-to-tomb impact on a kid s wellness, good being, and competency ( McMurray, 2007 ) . For accomplishing child wellness, all known hazard factors and factors that develop kids s resiliency and capacity to get by with their environments must be acknowledged and incorporated into a community s ends and marks for bar, protection, and wellness publicity. An intersectoral strategic attack is indispensable for turn toing the kids wellness issues. Some of the schemes for cut downing wellness disparities could be as follows: AÂ · Building healthy populace policy Constructing a healthy public policy for kids should guarantee that policies regulating unwellness and hurt surveillance, wellness and fittingness publicity, household support systems and sustainable environments are all developed coherently, so that all influences on wellness are acknowledged by all sectors of society ( McMurray, 2007 ) . Early kid development and rearing plans should be included in public policy constructions that embrace all sectors associating to human development, including instruction and wellness ( McCain A ; Mustard, 2002 ) . Policies to advance better wellness among kids should react to kids s holistic demands for balance and possible. This means that school boards and instruction governments should reframe course of study to suit the demand for physical instruction plans as built-in to kids s development and non merely an add-on to larning ( McMurray, 2007 ) . Schools can besides be effectual in advancing child wellness literacy for case focal point on good nutrition by extinguishing high fat content from school canteens and advancing better nutritionary criterions. Harmonizing McCain and Mustard ( 2002 ) , schools are ideal puting to supply dietetic advice at opportune times for immature households and this attack is peculiarly helpful to urban and rural households without other services, as they are frequently able to supply information that is both culturally appropriate and family-friendly. This identifies that educational scenes are topographic points where immature kids can non merely larn, but b esides thrive. AÂ · Creating supportive environment Supportive and contributing environments are critical to guarantee that wellness and developmental demands of kids are met. Such environment can be created by advancing and beef uping child wellness cognition and accomplishments of workers such as wellness professionals, pedagogues, household support workers and protective services staff involved with child care. Health professionals provide attention during gestation, after birth and during childhood while workers from other sectors such pedagogues and childcare workers supply services during kids s transmutation stage from childhood to maturity. The supportive environments should back up ongoing professional development with an accent on linkages across subjects in kids s wellness, development and well-being ( McMurray, 2007 ) . McCain and Mustard ( 2002 ) advocator for better usage of schools installations for rearing resources, particularly in eventides and on weekends, every bit good as during the twenty-four hours, to promote community engagement in early kid development. Likewise affecting local councils more in wellness and well-being is a positive measure in advancing supportive environments for wellness and a sense of belonging, particularly at the vicinity degree. This besides helps construct trusting, cohesive environments through intersectoral committednesss to kids s instruction in the household, place and school ( Berliner, 2005 ) . AÂ · Strengthen the capacity of households and communities Families and communities play a critical function in supplying safe and back uping environments for the healthy growing and development of kids. Community partnership schemes can be helpful in constructing resiliency in kids, if they shift from a hazard orientation to constructing kids s competency. Children s single interactions with their societal universe should assist them develop personal capacity within a safe, supportive, authorising larning environment ( Vimpani, 2000 ) . Demonstrated partnerships, with kid at the Centre of community gives a sense to the kid that his wellness and well-being is most important for the community and besides gives a sense of proof as he moves through the different phases of childhood, larning to get by with life s challenges and develop assurance and command at each phase. Parent-to parent plans and early kid development plans like Australian Early Old ages schemes have in common a focal point on beef uping community action for healthy childhood ( Downie, Clark A ; Clementson, 2004-05 ) . AÂ · Developing Personal accomplishments The wellness, instruction and community public assistance groups should priorities to assist guarantee schemes and plans to the development of appropriate accomplishments in people working with kids. It includes development of the work force within the wellness sector, and in culturally appropriate ways ( McMurray, 2007 ) . It recognizes the demand to back up and beef up the cognition and accomplishments of workers across other sectors whose work makes a significant part to the wellness of kids. Educational establishments can be helpful in this regard, conveying people together as community occupants and supplying classs and preparations that help them heighten their accomplishments and strengths to get by with the challenges of their work ( McMurray, 2007 ) . AÂ · Reorientating wellness services There is turning acknowledgment of the benefits of new attacks to long-run investing in kids s wellness, development and well-being. Stable partnership creates new capacity to present benefits and sustainable wellness additions for kids. Teamwork and partnerships restrain immense potency to develop and split expertness and resources through emerging whole-of-government attacks to planning, which may happen between the wellness and other sectors, between bureaus and across traditional boundaries. Stanley et Al ( 2005 ) suggest a more preventative focal point, one that will increase apprehension of kids s development among the general population every bit good as authorities policy shapers. Different types of partnerships such as at national, province, regional and local degrees can be successfully created and embedded in local communities to profit kids. Decision Holistic wellness publicity attempts should relieve and non worsen wellness inequalities ( Donatelle, 2006 ) . The purpose of wellness publicity should non be to extinguish all wellness inequalities, but instead to cut down or extinguish those that result from factors that are potentially evitable and unjust and which consequence in important disease load among deprived groups. To cut down wellness inequalities wellness publicity attacks must work with both kids and the topographic points in which they live their lives.

50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and Fingers

50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and Fingers 50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and Fingers 50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and Fingers By Mark Nichol Many idioms referring to human behavior are based on analogies to parts of the body, especially arms, hands, and fingers. Here are explanations of many of the most common expressions. 1. â€Å"All hands on deck,† from nautical terminology, means that a circumstance requires everyone’s attendance or attention. 2. One who is all thumbs is clumsy (as if one had thumbs in place of fingers and is therefore not dexterous). 3. To have something at hand is to have it accessible or nearby. 4. To be hand in hand is to be in close association. 5. A backhanded compliment is one that explicitly or implicitly denigrates the recipient. 6. To be in good (or safe) hands is to be in a secure position. 7. To be on hand is to be in attendance or available in case of need. 8. To bite the hand that feeds you is to attack or reject someone who has helped you. 9. â€Å"The devil makes work for idle hands† means that those who do not have enough to occupy them are susceptible to risking illicit behavior. 10. To say that someone did not or would not lift a finger is to criticize the person for failing to assist. 11. â€Å"Elbow grease† refers to influence that will enable something to occur that would otherwise be hindered or stalled. 12. Elbow room is space to be free to live the way one wants to or engage in activities as one wishes. 13. To finger someone is to identify someone, especially a perpetrator of a crime or someone who is to blame for doing something wrong. 14. To experience something at first hand (or firsthand) is to experience it directly rather than to merely become aware of it through an intermediary. 15. To force someone’s hand is to maneuver so that someone is compelled to act prematurely or reveal his or her intentions. 16. To give someone a free hand is to allow that person autonomy. 17. â€Å"Five-finger discount† is a euphemism for stealing, especially shoplifting. 18. To gain the upper hand is to become dominant or victorious. 19. To get one’s fingers burned is to experience a painful lesson, often about issues such as trust in interpersonal relationships. 20. To get one’s hands dirty it to directly engage in an activity that may not be appealing, rather than leave it to others, or to become involved in illicit activity. 21–22. To give one’s right arm (to right-handed people, the more useful one) or an arm and a leg is to offer a significant sacrifice to obtain a desired result. 23. To go hand in glove means to be in close agreement or in a close relationship. 24. To hand it to someone is to acknowledge someone’s accomplishment. 25. To hand something to someone on a plate or a platter means to make something easy for someone. 26. To hang on by one’s fingernails is to barely manage to cope with something. 27. To have a finger in every pie (or many pies) is to be involved in many activities or projects 28. To have one’s finger on the pulse of something is to be acutely aware of its condition or status. 29. To have one’s hands full it to be busy or too busy to take on other activities. 30. Something done with a heavy hand is done excessively and/or oppressively. 31. A reference to an iron fist (or iron hand) in a velvet glove is to authoritarian behavior concealed behind a facade of benevolence. 32. To keep someone at arm’s length is to maintain emotional and/or physical distance from someone who is a bad influence or may otherwise cause harm. 33. To keep one’s fingers crossed is to wish for good luck. 34. To know something like the back of one’s hand is to be intimately or thoroughly familiar with it. 35. When the left hand doesn’t know what the right hand is doing, one entity associated with another is unaware of the second entity’s actions or intentions. 36. To lend a hand means to help. 37. To live from hand to mouth is to live on a subsistence level, with no cushion of comfort. 38. When something gets out of hand, it is out of control. 39. The long arm of the law is the influence of law enforcement, which can be more far reaching in time or space than one expects. 40. â€Å"On the other hand† means â€Å"alternatively.† 41. To overplay one’s hand is to be overconfident. 42. To play into someone’s hands is to engage in activity or behavior that makes one vulnerable to another person’s manipulation. 43. A show of hands is a literal or figurative assessment or vote to determine support for or opposition to an intended course of action or agreement or disagreement with an opinion. 44. To stick out like a sore thumb is to be conspicuous. 45. To take the law into one’s own hands is to seek justice or retribution instead of obtaining assistance through law enforcement or legal procedures. 46. â€Å"Thumbs up† refers to the gesture of approval. 47. To be under someone’s thumb is to be subject to someone else’s influence. 48. To be up in arms is to be indignant or agitated about a wrong done to oneself and/or others. 49. To wash one’s hands of something is to decide that one no longer wants to be considered responsible for an action or policy that one does not have control over. 50. To work one’s fingers to the bone is suggest that one’s fingers have been stripped of flesh from the exertion. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?"Gratitude" or "Gratefulness"?What Is a Doctor?

Molecular Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Molecular - Speech or Presentation Example Suppose furthermore that these variants are distributed in the population independently of one another. Since A and B are now dependent, the probability of a randomly selected person to have the two variants, A1 and B1, will increase as these two variants will in most cases be found together (dependent distribution) In the movie Superman, the infant Kal-El’s father Jor-El gives him a crystal about the size of a tube of toothpaste and leaves a recorded message telling him that it contains the combined knowledge of the â€Å"28 known galaxies.† Suppose that this extraterrestrial crystal is a covalently bonded array of atoms spaced about 0.4 nm apart (like diamond on Earth) and that it contains information encoded in defects in the crystal lattice (For example, a defect could be a missing carbon atom. b. If a human encyclopedia of the 21st century fits comfortably on a digital video disk (4.7 GB, or 38 . 109 bits), about how many encyclopedias worth of information per â€Å"known galaxy† could Jor-El have recorded on his crystal a. You are a city inspector. You go undercover to a bakery and buy 30 loaves of bread marked 500g. Back at the lab you weigh them and find their masses to be 493, 503, 486, 489, 501, 498, 507, 504, 493, 487, 495, 498, 494, 490, 494, 497, 503, 498, 495, 503, 496, 492, 492, 495, 498, 490, 490, 497, and 482 g. you go back to the bakery and issue a warning. Why? b. Later you return to the bakery (this time, they know you). They sell you 30 more loaves of bread. You take them home and find their masses to be 504, 503, 503, 503, 501, 500, 500, 501, 505, 501, 501, 500, 508, 503, 503, 500, 503, 501, 500, 502, 502, 501, 503, 501, 501, 502, 503, 501, 502 and 500 g. you’re satisfied, because all the loaves weight at least 500g. But your boss reads your report and tells you to go back and close the shop down. What did she notice that you missed? 4. Molten wax is placed into a cold metal pan; the wax becomes solid and the metal rises

Litigation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Litigation - Term Paper Example Litigation is term used to refer to the process of filing, defending and standing in favor or against a particular case of law (Cheeseman 35). Before litigation is conducted, the case of the conflict experiences several processes including initial pleadings, judgments that take place before the trial, dismissal of the case and settlement of the case. Due to so many phases involved in the litigation process, organizations as well as individuals have to spend lump sum of finances and ample amount of time is wasted in solving the conflict. These proceedings even negatively impact the image of the parties involved in may cause disturbances in day to day running of the business. Due to these heavy risks associated with judicial proceedings, organizations tend to select alternative methods of solving disputes such as bargaining, arbitration as well as mediation (Cheeseman 43). There are several differences between the process of conflict resolution through judicial proceedings and ADR. In judicial proceedings, third parties are involved such as the jury to decide whether or not an individual is guilty and worthy of punishment. In case of certain methods of ADR, a third party is rarely involved and in certain methods third party involvement even takes place and the third party is a neutral representative and the party can only participate in facilitation of negotiation. For example in the case of Arbitration, a neutral third party gets involved and is regarded as the arbitrator and is selected by parties involved in the dispute and has the responsibility of listening to the case of both the parties and the decision taken by the arbitrator decides the outcome of the case. When the conciliation dispute settlement method is used, the parties involved do not negotiate with each other in a face to face manner. Due to this a conciliator who is mostly neutral in nature is used and he acts as the negotiator from both ends. If dispute resolution is conducted with the assistanc e of a judicial procedure, heavy amount of time and money of the parties involved is invested. Before a case reaches the court, it has through go through several stages and due to this, a case may end up conceding months and in some extreme cases it may even consume years. Alternative dispute resolution systems are much quick as compared to the judicial procedure. Secondly, in case of judicial proceedings, parties have to obtain assistance from attorney and attorneys charge heavy fees to fight a case and the more time a case takes, the higher is the amount of accumulated fees of the attorney. In case of ADR, the methods used are quite cheap as the parties can contest against each other or negotiate with each other on their own. The fourth difference between the two procedure is the difference in setting, while court proceedings are conducted in a courtroom which can become quite intimidating for the parties involved, the methods used in ADR mostly take place in one of the party†™s offices or some conference hall or room. In the case of traditional litigation system, any one of the parties involved can file a law suit and the other party may have to fight against him even if the claims made by one of the parties are not true at all (Lundmark 126). No method of ADR can be used until both the parties are not ready to solve the dispute and negotiate with ea

Psychopathic Behavior Essay Example for Free

Psychopathic Behavior Essay The Psychopath Understanding and Treatment Abstract Mental health disorders are among the most complex disorders to understand. Persons with these types of disorders are not commonly accepted into society. Psychopaths are among some of the most difficult disorders to treat. These persons most often come from a background lacking structure and continuity. Proper treatment is heavily debated. Report It is a popular belief that psychopaths are considered to be individuals that are as brilliantly charming as they are morally insane. However, the tendency to refer to the psychopathic behavior as â€Å"morally insane† is a misconception. Regardless of scientific discoveries, psychopathy is a disease which results in a physiological deficiency. The brain of psychopaths is believed to fail in generation of proper wave activity. Waves emitted are generally slower in individuals suffering from psychopathic behavior. This fundamental incompetence is responsible for a lower degree of arousal when these persons face a threatening situation. Their lack of anxiety and consequent careless behavior in any situation is commonly referred to as lack of conscience. These individuals lack the plethora of emotions that arise in the â€Å"normal† individual; that is, the ability to feel, to anticipate the breaking of the law, or to feel sorry when they break these laws. They are deprived of a conscience which organizes the moral notions of good and bad. In normal behavior, acts are constrained by external laws at work in society. The conscience of average individuals are able to anticipate any destructive action which could obstruct the law. Psychopaths don’t have such a capacity. They are leading a life which ignores external impediments. This fundamental unawareness is directly related to a slower activity of waves at work in the brain. This abnormality blocks the entire process of learning. The lower waves produce a decreased response of anxiety which causes the psychopaths to not be anxious or afraid of punishment when they perform a reprehensible action. According to Cleckley’ s definition of psychopathic behavior in the Mask of Sanity , (1988) when one of them breaks the law, he or she does not experience a sense of shame or guilt. When psychopaths are faced with any form of punishment – it could be physical pain or punishment regardless of the deliberate breaking of laws- they do not react with as much anticipation as the average individual. This is because they lack a part of the neurological process which allows them to avoid pain; that is, the adequate rise in palmar sweat gland activity which generates the adequate stimulus. Therefore, the psychopath will reproduce the same harmful actions again and again. In 1954, Ellington’ s experiments showed that between 31 % and 58 % of psychopaths showed some form of electroencephalogram abnormality located in the temporal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres. Another experience regarding the lack of anxiety in psychopaths was lead in 1965 by Robert Hare. In that experience, psychopathic and non-psychopathic subjects were told that each time they would see the number eight in a series of number from one to twelve, they would receive an electric shock. Non-psychopathic individuals showed higher rates of anxiety when they knew the number eight was about to come. On the contrary, psychopathic individuals remain perfectly calm at the sight of the feared number. These results are important since they show that it is a physiological deficiency rather than deliberate insanity that is responsible for the psychopath’s criminal behavior. Another perception largely spread among the population concerns the traditional representation of the psychopath who is figured out as a habitual pleasure seeker, constantly searching for the next big thrill. In the movie the Silence of the Lambs, such a personality is embodied in Hannibal Lector, a frightening psychopath who, by his compelling need of strong experiences, breaks the boundaries of decency. The portrayal of this character embodies the collective myths referring to the mental scheme of the psychopath. The representation is romanticized in order to play with society’s fascination for the violation of laws. However, the popular myths have captured one of the most fundamental features of the psychopathic personality as described by Cleckley, cited in p. 479 of Abnormal Behavior. Most psychopaths become bored quickly with the humdrum of everyday life. They search constantly for new thrills and experiences daring robberies, impersonations, confidence games, new varieties of drugs and deviant sexual behavior†. The psychopath occasionally needs to receive a stimuli stronger than the average person in order to be aroused and, eventually, find â€Å"the game† exc iting. Therefore, psychopath’s brain activity is not always below the average. Otherwise, this decreased activity would have it made difficult to explain the energy the psychopath shows in order to catch his victim. When an immediate reward is offered, impulsivity of the individual suffering from psychopathic disorder increases through an immediate responsiveness to the appealing stimulus. From a neurological point of view, the slow brainwaves are balanced by a peak of specific waves located in the temporal area and linked to the individual’s impulsivity; which, in that case, appears every time there is a promise of instantaneous reward. In 1993, Patterson and Newman conducted a test, the purpose of which was to analyze the reaction of psychopaths when they were confronted with instantaneous rewards. The results where puzzling. While the non-psychopathic individuals, conscious that they were losing their money, stopped to play, nine out of ten psychopaths continued to play even though they had lost money on nineteen of the twenty trials. In that case, the immediate reward which was money functioning as a powerful stimulus, constituted the new thrill. Since psychopathic behavior violates the laws at work in society, the view commonly held among people is that, from an early age, environmental factors cause the psychopathic disorder. The characteristics underlying psychopathy are denial of the society’s rules or simply lack of concern for the other fellow men. It can be asserted that, at some point in their life, the maturation of a psychopath’s self has encountered several barriers which, in turn, have resulted in a distorted ego in the young adult. The psychopath is unable to avoid the satisfaction of his primary impulses as well as not feeling the guilt associated with the breaking of a given rule. All these processes were part of the values that, as a young child, the individual has internalized through particular schemes. These schemes referred to as cognitive schemes essentially lie in the emotional responses which are provided by the external world. Through these cognitive clues, an entire world of tenderness and care provides the baby with identifiable marks necessary to his present and future well being. These cognitive schemes are mediation processes between the individual and the world in the sense that, through them, the child distinguishes the good from the bad. Little by little, he is able to build his consciousness of the surrounding world. But, because either the psychotic child has been stopped from doing so at some point of his life or that, generally, these signs have been distributed in spare quantity, the individual will develop psychopathic tendencies since he lacks the ability to relate himself to the world in a proper way. One quick look at the background of Charles Manson is enough to understand the role played by environmental factors in his rearing and the consequent deviant personality he developed through the years. In the book abnormal behavior on p. 488, it is showed that Manson’s mother â€Å"modeled a life of prostitution, irresponsibility and crime. She probably provided little in the way of cognitive structuring about rules, consequences, or values. † For the young boy there was little left to model his life on. What he became later has been certainly influenced by the poor education he received which, in turn, resulted in a subsequent failure to internalize society’s prohibitions. The biological approach provided the theory of environmental factors as shaping the future personality with a number of interesting clues. Franz Kallman found that a high percentage of children of psychopaths ended up themselves with psychopathic disorders. The main reason was that their parents were indeed institutionalized for psychopathic symptoms and once left alone, these children experienced the deprivation of external warnings consequent to the familial structure’s withdrawal. As a result of this lack of guidance, they ended up psychopaths. Moreover a study focusing on children who spend their early years in institutions where there is less love offered than in a family structure, revealed that they later showed an aggressive behavior toward both humans and animals. However, the assertions have to be manipulated cautiously in the sense that if those children later isplayed a criminal behavior though vandalism, truancy and antisocial activities, not all of them ended up psychopath. Seventy to 85 percent of individuals classified as criminals meet the criteria for anti- social personality disorder. By contrast only 15 to 25 percent of convicted criminals meet the criteria for psychopathy. All experiments stated above have sh own how the characteristics of psychopathy as a disease are dramatically profound. Generally, the subjects’ clear lack of conscience diminishes dramatically their concrete chances of effective treatment. Nevertheless, science has built its success on an attempt to improve on common limitations, constantly challenging even the most irremediable cases. In that perspective, through the years, several approaches to the treatment of psychopathy have been designed. From a biological point of view, if we assume that psychopathy is a disease which has its physical causes in an abnormal brain activity, that physiological deficiency can be corrected by drug treatment. However, the implications of such treatments have to be considered carefully for whoever is aware of the ethical implications involved by such manipulations. For a long time, psychopaths have been treated with a variety of drugs such as dilantin, sodium, and amphetamine sulfate. Occasional recoveries have been reported. However, the lack of follow-up studies once the subject stopped taking the medications has called into question the overall efficiency of the treatment. Generally, patients do show improvement while taking their medications as prescribed. Moreover, if the drug treatment effectively alleviates the pain, it involves a passive approach to that disease. Indeed, to give a psychopath a pill for lack of real structures adapted to his particular disease represents an â€Å"easy way† to deal with the problem. One illustrative case concerns the use of such drugs treatments in the late 70’s. In that time, assuming that psychopathy was an incurable disease, certain institutions distributed those drugs â€Å"too generously†, which, in turn, led the patients suffering from psychopathic symptoms to experiencing a general apathy. This process raised an ethical question: 1. To what extent should the pain be alleviated? 2. Were these drugs dministered in order to help the patients or simply to put them in a great situation of passivity, making sure they would not hurt anyone? Still, this passivity was believed to be better than the manifestation of psychopathic symptoms in which the patient could have an uncontrollable outburst of rage. However, drug treatment generally tries to stabilize the situation rather than look for dy namic solutions which involve an active participation both of the doctor and of his patient. In any case, the use of mediations has to be manipulated cautiously in order to avoid such excesses. Doctors should use them only when it has been established case per case that the violent behavior is clearly related to a brain dysfunction. From a psycho dynamic perspective, the treatment of psychopathic disorders through psychoanalysis is believed by many to be inadequate. Psychoanalysis tends to analyze the conflicts between the id, the ego and the superego. These internal conflicts are at the basis of the personality. On the contrary, a psychopath doesn’t experience these underlying conflicts. He has become psychopath precisely because he lacked a superego which could have provided him social standards . Whereas most of us are able to sit in an armchair and express our remorse, the psychopath is not likely to expand himself in sorrowful complaints about all the damages he caused to his surroundings. In fact, if his disease is a result of a poor internalization of moral values, he is not able to be lucid and clear about himself. This lack of clarity related to a lack of conscience is one of the reasons why Freud refused to cure a certain category of patients, precisely those who manifested a clear distortion of reality although they were fully aware. Among this category were the schizophrenics but also the psychopaths. Similarly, in Mask of Sanity, Cleckley concluded that psychotherapeutic treatments to treat psychopathy have been disappointing in the sense that they failed to provoke changes to the psychopath’s daily behavior. Therefore, the best approach to the treatment of psychopathy is that which takes into consideration the environmental factors and attacks the problem from its basis by providing the child with psychopathic tendencies a secure environment where he can learn to anticipate his negative instincts by developing a positive sense of the self. Some believe that the control of psychopathy lies in institutional programs. From January 1954 to February 1955, a study at the Wiltwyck School In New York was conducted. The institutional program at work in the school emphasized a loving permissive environment which gradually replaced permissiveness by efforts to teach social control and responsibility. As a result, the children developing psychopathic disorders responded positively to the treatment. They showed an increase in the internalization of social standards which allowed them to re- experience feelings of guilt and shame. In conclusion, considering the fact that there is no real treatment which has proven to be effective on a larger scale, it is dangerous to let the psychopaths operate in everyday life by lack of social structures. Hare notes the connection between psychopathy and domestic abuse. Psychopaths are generally intelligent and superficially charming enabling them to exploit others’ weaknesses. In a culture that promotes superficial values, the psychopath will thrive.

puritans :: essays research papers

Puritan ideas on religion and Native Americans The Puritan belief structure was built around the idea of treating one another as brothers, loving one another and having compassion. The Puritans also believed everyone should be virtuous to one another. The Puritans themselves did not treat the Native Americans this way. The Puritans look at themselves as the better group of people. It did not matter who someone was or what type of skin color one had, if one did not have the same beliefs as the Puritans he or she was considered an outcast in their society. The Puritans saw the Native Americans as savages and beasts. The Puritans’ relationship with the Native Americans was contrary to Puritan Christian doctrine. To understand how the Puritans viewed religion, one needs to look at how they understood their Christian God. The Puritans knew God though the bible and what their ministers preached. They did not believe that God would speak directly to mortals. The Puritan Minister Robert Cushman once stated, â€Å"Whereas God of the old [Testament] did call and summon our fathers by predictions, dreams, visions, and certain illuminations†¦. Now there is no such calling to be expected for any matter whatsoever.† In the Puritan’s time, if God was to speak directly with a mortal, it was thought to be the devil in disguise. One Puritan woman, Anne Hutchinson, was believed to have predictions from God. This infuriated the Puritans because they did not believe in the idea of God giving her visions and thoughts. They believed that Satan was the one giving her these visions and thoughts. Consequently, the Puritans then banished her into the wilderness outside of Massachusetts Bay. This shows that the Puritans treated anyone who did not totally agree with them as an outcast to their society. The religious beliefs and the rituals of the Indians of southern New England were in many ways how the Puritans thought the devil and witches to act. English observers Edward Winslow, Roger Williams, and other Puritans found out that the Indians believed that spirits would speak directly to mortals though dreams and visions. William Simmons stated, â€Å"A powerful spirit known as Hobbamock was said to enter certain persons and to remain in their bodies as a guardian and familiar.† Hobbamock was the Native American creator. The spirit Hobbamock was the â€Å"souls of the dead† that would take the shape of the human body and animals.

First Confession

By Frank O'Connor I'm very attracted with the first person in this story named Jackie. This is a story about Jackie's experience of his first confession. Jackie always thought the terrible things about confession like the angry priest, a lot of sins he made, the sinner who would burned the furniture, etc, but the fact that he passed the first confession successfully. I think Jackie have the same bewilderment with me about first confession. I don't have background knowledge of the story and also do not know ome terms like Confession in the Church or Three Hail Marys.Because of Jackie's story, I could imagine the situation since Jackie was also experienced it at the first time. Moreover, I can understand the rites and practices of the Catholic religion. In this story, Jackie hated her grandmother and sister so much and wanted to kill them. I'm sure Jackie would not truly do that as he was only a eight-year-old child who still couldn't control his emotional feeling. Actually, it's becau se of the bad behaviors of them. His grandmother should be a good example for him but she always drunk and ever gave pennies to him but to his sister, Nora.It was good that Jackie was not influenced with his grandmother behavior, he thought that it was an awful instead. Usually a child will follow what adult does but Jackie was different, he was precisely mortified to follow the wrong one. He also realized that his wish for killing her grandmother and sister were wrong. Then, I think that Jackie was very honest and courageous. Although he was scared to death of confession, he told his sins truthfully to the priest. Some of us maybe will remain to silent about our sins or even denied it, n the contrary Jackie told everything.At first I thought he would not have courage to confess because of the threats from her sister who claimed being a sinner would get punishment not treatment. A bad confession story from Mrs. Ryan that made shocking impression on him also could make him denied his sins. But Jackie was one of a kind; his honest confession made the priest amazed and so did l. Jackie honesty and braveness made the priest gave him Three Hail Marys even the priest came out of the church with Jackie that he'd never done to Nora. First Confession Alexandro Ramirez English 1302 Professor Robin Russell 4/12/13 Critical Essay #1 â€Å"First Confession† At the beginning of the story, O’Connor, in the short story, â€Å"First Confession†, may use the all-knowing or omniscient point of view. He describes to choose any act of the character and any thought of the character, and he tells the goodness and the bad side of the character. Instead the story is written in first person point of view. The narrator in this story is also the main character, or protagonist.This way the reader is allow to the see the world in the eyes of Jackie, and his point of view about his grandmother, Nora, and Mrs. Ryan, and women itself. Jackie does not stand her grandmother at all, he relates her as the source of his entire problems, â€Å"and all because of that old woman! † Even thou his grandmother lives with him, because of the dead of his grandfather, he was actually afraid of her, he had to make excuses to his friend so h e won’t go inside his house to play because, â€Å"because I could never be sure what she would be up to. He also is disgusted by the woman’s love of porter beer, her inclination to eat potatoes with her hands, â€Å"she had a jug of porter and a pot of potatoes with-some-times-a bit of salt fish, and she poured out the potatoes on the table and ate them slowly, with great relish, using her fingers by way of a fork,† and of course favoring Nora, â€Å"she knew Mother saw through her, so she sided with Gran. † Nora his old sister was a pain to Jackie, she often was picking on him, and got him into trouble, â€Å"Oh, Dadda, do you know what Jackie did at dinnertime? Then, of course, it all came out; Father gave me a flaking; Mother interfered, and for days after that he didn't speak to me and Mother barely spoke to Nora. † Even thou Jackie is really nervous and afraid for his first confession, because he doesn’t want to tell the priest he wan ted to kill his grandmother, Nora instead of supporting him, she was playing with this mind, â€Å"She held my hand as we went down the hill, smiling sadly and saying how sorry she was for me, as if she were bringing me to the ospital for an operation. † Also before arriving to the chapel, Jackie confesses horrible things that Nora does to him that we will never know of or his mother, â€Å"that girl had ways of tormenting me that Mother never knew of. † An old woman called Mrs. Ryan is teaching Jackie and his class mates about the Ten Commandments and hell. She tells the class the story of a man who made a bad confession which was not telling the truth to the priest and whose hands burnt the bed of a priest. Jackie thinks Mrs.Ryan is trying to frighten the children into being good or they will burn in hell for eternity, â€Å"Then she asked were we afraid of holding one finger-only one finger! † Also she is trying to make sure that they don’t tell the pr iest a bad confession, â€Å"hell had the first place in her heart. † To tell a bad confession in Jackie’s eyes means dying and burning in hell. Jackie  doesn’t  want to make a bad confession but knows that he will because he  doesn’t  think he’ll be able to tell the priest that he wants to kill his grandmother.The day the class is to make their confession Jackie pretends that he has a toothache so that he can avoid confession, because Mrs. Ryan gets wind of his absence and makes arrangements so that Jackie can go to confession he was literary scared to death, â€Å"I was scared to death of confession,† the following Saturday and still be able to attend his first communion. Jackie does not see women with good eyes, in fact he thinks they are bad people because of the way they treat him, â€Å"girls are supposed to be fastidious. Also in this short story we are able to see three great examples for this. First his grandmother, which h e thinks it’s all her fault and an ugly woman who doesn’t know how to act in town, â€Å"unsuited to the life in town. † Nora another great example who is a bad big sister, who only plays with his mind and doesn’t see the suffering of his young brother. Lastly Mrs. Ryan a woman who tries to scare him, â€Å"new half-crown, and offered it to the first boy who would hold one finger, only one finger! in the flame for five minutes. † With this Firs Point of View we could actually feel Jackie’s feelings and intention to why he portraits women, or in this case this three women like that. A third person point of view, would help much at understanding Jackie, but the author choose wisely and now the reader can conclude all of the ideas portrait on this short story, and also we can be on Jackie’s shoes and know the true story behind it.

Soul Surfer – Persuasive

This film has many positive lessons to be taken to heart throughout the film. However, the strongest messages are that with a bit of perspective and the support of our friends and family. You can make it through the worst of tragedies. Our family and friends are often our support system. With them, anything becomes possible. Tom Hamilton, Bethanys father (played by Dennis Quaid) tells Bethany when she is ready to quit surfing after the attack; â€Å"That shark didn't kill you, you are still here, still alive, ith a family who loves you†. (1) Bethany may have lost an arm, but that is not to say she has lost everything.Throughout this uphill battle, Bethany has her friends and family there for her to help her get back on the board with confidence and to turn surfing back into the Joyful hobby she initially fell in love with. Similarly, perspective is everything. It is our outlook on life and how we are able to see and eventually come to terms with life's simplest and toughest de cisions. During one of the towns youth ights, Sarah Hill, the youth group's pastor (played by Carrie Underwood) says â€Å"It can be hard to make sense of things when you are looking at them really close.The same is true in life, so if you are ever dealing with anything that is Just too hard to handle, or does not seem to make much sense, get a new perspective. † (2) After the attack Bethany struggles in finding a reason why this has all happened to her. Why she has lost her arm, why she must learn how to do almost everything again, and how this could be gods plan for her. Through the guidance of Sarah's advice in getting a new perspective, and through her own faith, Bethany was able to come to a positive conclusion.With perspective and support you can make it over the highest bumps in the road. The movie's enticingly unique story creates an everlasting connection between your own life and to the life of Bethany Hamilton's. Based on true-life events, this story will inspire y ou to love yourself, and to be thankful for all that you have. When director Sean McNama was asked about the challenges of making this movie nd he said â€Å"it is about who Bethany really is, and so yeah-there was some give and take on both sides to make it great, but I was like let's Just be true to what she is. (3) Since Sean was able to stay so true to whom and what the real Bethany is all about, it makes you really see and have an appreciation for all she has gone through. And furthermore, all the struggles and obstacles she will continue to be faced with throughout the rest of her life. In addition, the special effects of this movie really add on to the overall performance and the reality of the story. AnnaShophia Robb ore a green sleeve on her arm, which was later digitally removed to portray the missing limb.After the shooting of the actual scene took place, the crew would shot a second one without anybody, insuring the background would match with the movie They had to do t his tor every scene that Bethany was in, theretore tor the scene. majority of the movie. This was difficult because they had to do this without wasting precious amounts of time. The main reason being, they were relying on the weather to hold up. All the extra work and attention to detail paid off, because everything ooks realistic, and as a viewer you can remain focused on the story and not the obvious Photoshop.When combing a story line based on true-life events and incredible special effects, you are left with a captivating movie. Creating relatable and convincing characters is perhaps the hardest aspect in making films. You may know her from movies such as; Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Race to Witch Mountain, or maybe even from Because of Winn-Dixie. AnnaSophia Robb plays the main character of Bethany Hamilton. The character of Bethany is a strong one to say the ery least. With her persistence and confidence, she outshines all the other characters, making her relatable.One of the most memorable quotes in this move is said by the character herself, â€Å"l do not need easy, I Just need possible. † (4) What makes this role so strong is throughout the entire film, you embark on this Journey and you wait on Bethanys character to breakdown, quit, or to lose faith in everything. But she never does. She shows us her strength, determination and will to find the positive outcomes in all tragic things. Although the character of Bethany Hamilton is extraordinary, Soul Surfer has at least two memorable characters.You may know her from her victory on the fourth season of American Idol, or the story of a small town Oklahoma girl turns platinum recording artist; Carrie Underwood makes her acting debut, playing the inspirational role of the youth group's pastor-Sarah Hill. Carrie shows that she has the ability to light up a big screen in her movie debut, but it is the character she plays that makes the movie as moving as it is. Sarah Hill tells Bethany â€Å" l o not know why terrible things happen to us sometimes, but I have to believe something good is going to come out of this. (5) This inspires Bethany to get back into the water, and to not lose faith in not only herself and her abilities, but also not lose faith in God and the role he plays in her life. Sarah's compassion and Christian beliefs make this movie inspiring, relatable, and moving. Sarah's character demonstrates a strong Christian belief which remains true to the life of the real Bethany Hamilton; by still having a huge significance to the story, Sarah does this ithout alienating the non-Christian audiences.

PepsiCo and Coca-Colas Essay Example

PepsiCo and Coca PepsiCo and Coca-Colas Paper PepsiCo and Coca-Colas Paper Essay Topic: Marketing The purpose of this report is to analyze and learn from PepsiCo and Coca-Colas entry into the Indian market. It involves many international marketing aspects, including the impacts of Indias political environment on both companies success causing them to enter at different times result in different effects, to respond in many ways to the enormity of India, discuss their glocalization strategies and Coca-Colas mistakes in India. Political environment in India For the government of India fulfilled some austere trade policies, rules and regulations before the year 1990, PepsiCo and Coca-Colas entry into the Indian market was its political environment as a result of major obstacle. Indian government was only interested in the high-tech sectors for foreign investment. It was almost entirely prohibited to invest customer goods sectors. That was Principle of Indigenous Availability, which policy banning imports being sold in India. Due to this political environment, Coca-Cola had withdrawn from the Indian market in 1977. The new government of India was founded in June 1991. In order to expand liberalization of the Indian economy, new government introduced some new industrial policies, such as bureaucracy and regulation to foreign direct investment. These policies intended to dismantle complicated trade rules and regulations, foreign investment increased dramatically, beneficiary industries included processed foods, software, engineering plastics, electronic equipment, power generation and petroleum generation. Pepsi and Coca-Cola were required many India laws, for example, foreign businesses were prohibited use of foreign brand names on products selling within the Indian market. Therefore, Pepsi became Lehar Pepsi, Coco-Cola became Coca-Cola India. Also, designed as obstacles to impede foreign business, for example, sales of soft drink concentrate to local bottlers could not exceed 25 per cent of total sales for the new venture. Because of the lack of consistency in the legal environment, Coco-Cola agreed to sell off 49% of its stocks to Indian investors as a condition of entering in order to buy out Indian bottlers in 2002. It was most controversial agreement. Because of this time limit had been extended once already, Coca-Cola asked for a second extension that would delay it until 2007 was refused. Coco-Cola though by the Foreign Investment Promotion Board wanted to block the votes of the Indian shareholders who would control 49% of Coca-Cola. But all previous lobbying became useless. The government of India lacked solid institutions leading to corruption. In contrast to Coca-Cola, Pepsi had entered India in a different year under a different set of rules. The above of these effects could not be anticipated prior to Indian market entry. The political environment was inconsistent with some policies and laws. Indias emerging market is a lacking of harmony. It mixed with discordant tones. The interest clashed with Indian government. These interests often were conflict with some political issues. These policies were often related to economic, environment and social problems. Resolving these problems was in the interests of whom including a large number of consumers, environmentalists and lobbies. Accordingly, foreign companies wanted to enter Indian market successfully that usually required carefully. It must be consider all the stringent rules and local policies, for instance equity stakes under the new rules from 40 per cent to 51 per cent. Local have a free media and democratic political system. These will be beneficial to support or protest behavior for many long-established international companies. For Coco-Cola, it could only agree to start new bottling plants instead of buying out Parle, and thus had to agree to sell 49% of equity. Pepsi was not held to a disinvestment rule because it had opted to set up several bottling units. Timing of entry into the Indian market Earlier market entry PepsiCo lodged a joint venture application to enter India in July 1986. It had selected two local partners, Voltas and Punjab Agro. This application was approved under the name Pepsi Foods Ltd by the government of Rajiv Gandhi September 1988. In 1986, following Coca-Colas departure, Parle became the market leader in India. The local main competitors were only Parle and Pure. In addition to the demand for carbonated drink in Indian was very low, in 1989, the average Indian was buying only three bottles a year. Advantages Due to lacking of Indias competitiveness in soft drinks industry, PepsiCos entry would enhance competitive advantage and promote the development of soft drinks in Indian market. It could be helpful to find more opportunities for PepsiCo. Many opportunities for the Indian market contributed to the development of enterprise. Pepsi had learnt from the experiences of Coca-Cola. Pepsi seized the Indian market as soon as possible. Through the adoption of measures, the use of joint venture with local groups to lobby the Indian government. Thus PepsiCo would be easier to build up their reputation and loyalty to associate with establishing priorities. In possession of good honor and admire, the degree of brand popularity was greater of the other competitors. The continuous development of PepsiCo was able to gain a foothold in the market before Coco-Cola entered the market. Pepsi gained 26% market share by 1993. Disadvantages The development of PepsiCo became more slowly due to infrastructure was not enough imperfections in early India. The crumbling infrastructure also improved the investment risks and costs at that time. The cost of exploration greatly increased influenced by Indias political environment. For example, Pepsi was forced to change their name to Lehar Pepsi. Also, Indian government limited their drink sales to less than 25% of total sales. This policy would help PepsiCo to struggle to fight off local competitions. Later marketing entry Coca-Cola Corporation had been present in the Indian market from 1958 until its withdrawal in 1977. Due to the government of India require Coca-Cola hand over its secret formula for the syrup so that it chose to leave India rather than cut its equity stake to 40 per cent. At that time there were many opportunities for the Indian market. The Coca-Cola inevitably became the market leader. But Coca-Cola was only a distant memory to most Indians. In spite of that Coca-Cola succeeded creating a 100%-owned soft drinks company (Coca-Cola India) in 1993 and then ultimately aligning with the Indian market leader (Parle) in June 1993. Advantages At this time the Indian market has already a relatively sound infrastructure so that Coca-Colas investment risk reduced. In July 1993, Coca-Cola was able to buy 4 bottling plants from industry leader Parle. Coca-Cola also bought Parles leading brands including Thums UP, Limca, Citra, Gold Spot and Mazza. Later Coca-Cola again set up 2 new ventures with Parle to bottle and market products. By 2002, Coca-Cola owned 30 bottling plants, 10 franchisees and held a 56 per cent market share of the national soft drink market in India. The Coca-Cola once again was market leader. Disadvantages The capacity of the soft drink market in India was becoming smaller increasingly. Coca-Cola the twice to return to the Indian market in 1993, but faced Indian beverage market is old rival PepsiCo. In May 1990, the government of India has also been turned down Coca-Cola just as Pepsi was approved. Hence, Coca-Cola had difficultly to establish market share with PepsiCo there. Obstruction by the policy, Coca-Cola was not allowed to buy back 49% of equity. So it did not relate very well to the government of India. Furthermore, Coca-Cola had reported losses in India since its return there in 1993. Responses to the sheer scale of operations in India Pepsi and coca-cola responded in many ways to the enormity of India in terms of population and geography. The following is about the sheer scale of operations ways. Product policies In order to cater to Indian consumer tastes, PepsiCo and Coca-Cola launched different products. Entering with products closed to those already available in India, such as colas, fruit drinks and carbonated waters. They used a variety of tastes and created multi-brand strategy. In order to encourage growth in demand for bottled beverages in the Indian market, introducing new products such as bottled ware (Coca-Colas brand is Kinley and Pepsi Foods brand is Aquafina). They launched their own brand in a new category, such as clear lime category (Coke-Sprite, Pepsi-7UP). Coco-Cola merged with Parle and two new ventures set up to bottling plants and both companies products. Promotional activities Both PepsiCo and Coca-Cola used advertising and promotional strategy in India. During the cultural festival of Navrartri, PepsiCo sponsored Navrartri celebration in annual. Some promotion ways, every refill of a case of Pepsi gave away one kilo of Basmati rice or a packet of Kit-Kat and Polos candy free. Coco-Cola offered free passes, coke giveaways as well as vacations to Goa. They used seasonal sales promotions and the success of their seasonal advertising campaigns through researching marketing in different campaigns and areas of India. The successful promotions included Pepsis sponsorship of cricket and football from the world cup. Coca-Colas lifestyle advertising as a method of building brand loyalty among its target market: India A appealed to young urbanites; India B appealed to rural areas. Coca-Cola used of local characteristics and to introduce new Mini size to launch the affordability plank campaign. Pricing policies Coco-cola reduced prices by 15%-25% to encourage consumption to try to compete with Pepsi and gain market share in 2003. Through the introduction of a mini size by Coca-Cola increased total volume of sales. Pepsi was forced to match these price reductions. It introduced returnable glass bottles for customers to recoup costs. Pepsi started out with an aggressive pricing policy to try to get immediate market share from Indian competitors Distribution arrangements The demand grew with the increase of the value of regions and customers, along with new products were added. Both Coca-Cola and PepsiCo were able to gain market share. Coca-Colas production plants and bottling centers placed in large cities all around India, such as Delhi, Mumbai, Ahmedabad and Surat. PepsiCos marketing and distribution were focused in the north and west around the major cities of Delhi and Mumbai. Coca-Cola and Pepsis Glocalization Glocalization refer to globalization and localization. Make use of the product or service global meet consumer in a local market, in order to emphasize that the globalization of product or service is more likely to succeed if they adapted specifically to each locality or culture. PepsiCo and Coca-Cola both companies have successfully implemented glocalization. Pepsis Glocalization PepsiCo lodged a joint venture application to enter India with two local partners, Voltas and Punjab Agro, and forming Pepsi Foods Ltd in 1988. In 1990, Pepsi Food products were promoted under the name Lehar Pepsi to conform with foreign collaboration rules. After that Pepsi launched its Lehar 7UP in the clear lemon category in keeping with local tastes. PepsiCo was also actively integrated into the Indian cultural festival. Navrartri is a traditional festival held in the town of Gujarat which lasts for nine days. During the cultural festival of Navrartri, PepsiCo used advertising to promote their products. PepsiCos most effective glocalization strategy had been sponsoring world famous Indian sports events, such as cricket and football. Coco-Colas Golcalization By 1993, Coca-Cola formed alliance with the market leader Parle made four major cities (Delhi, Mumbai, Ahmedabad and Surat) in bottling plants and five major leading brands. During the culture festival of Navrartri, Coco-Colas free passes issued to the celebration in each of Thums Up bottles. Also offered special promotions where people could win free vacations to Goa. Coco-Cola also hired several famous Bollywood actors to publicize their products. Those commercials were impressive. Coca-Cola Indias mistakes Coca-Cola entered Indian market at the wrong time. Due to entering at that time, Coca-Cola must agree to abide by all the Foreign Investment Laws and the political environment in India, such as local stringent conditions, foreign collaboration rules, prohibited use of foreign brand names and disinvestment clause and so on. In January 2002, Coco-cola India wanted to expand investment, but the Indian government provides that the company must be the original 100% owned holding company (HCCHPL), of which 49% of equity sold to the local investment within two years as a condition. Since then Coco-Cola had asked for extensions twice, Indian government granted the first extension, but denied the second. Coco-Cola India tried to deny voting rights to its new Indian shareholders. But FIPB denies this again. Coca-Cola India repeatedly required to reduce disinvestment rule requirements in order to allow Indians into the industry, and expectations delist their shares altogether, effectively making their Indian operations wholly owned subsidiaries. Coco-Cola should not have tried to weasel their way out of promises. These mistakes hurt Coca-Colas image and reputation as an International company. Coca-Cola should set the pace for the entire multinational company. Coco-cola should have been more careful to wait patiently when it entered the Indian market and Coca-Cola was a promising. Conclusion In conclusion, PepsiCo and Coca-Cola had succeeded to enter Indian market and to implement glocalization to adapt the local culture. Through to research the market and trends prior to entering the Indian market, they had been fully aware of the history, geography, political, and legal considerations. Some key lessons can use the experience of Coca-Cola and PepsiCo for reference. It is worthy of learning from some companies as it contemplates entry into other big emerging markets. These are many active approaches can take to help ensure success in the foreign market.